Paddy Straw Mushroom Cultivation is among the many varieties of mushrooms that are prized for their delicate flavor and nutritious qualities. Due to its preference for tropical and subtropical temperatures, this mushroom has a lot of potential in India, a nation with a wide range of climatic conditions. This mushroom is an important species among the farmed edible mushrooms because of its quick growth, simple culture methods, and high customer acceptance.The country’s abundant supply of cheap cotton waste and paddy straw are ideal growing substrates for paddy straw mushrooms. The use of this mushroom will result in much-needed diversity and more affordable access to nutrient-dense food than with many other foods of a comparable kind. I am grateful for the writers’ hard work and dedication in organizing and revising the bulletin for farmers. Additionally, I want to exhort farmers to use this mushroom in order to increase the amount of money they may make from the agricultural waste that is right outside their door.
Introduction
Paddy Straw Mushroom Cultivation, sometimes referred to as the Chinese mushroom or paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea), is a member of the Basidiomycetes family Pluteaceae (Kotl. & Pouz) (Singer, 1961). It is a tropical and subtropical edible fungus that was originally grown in China in 1822 (Chang, 1969). At first, this fungus was referred to as “Nanhua mushroom,” after the Nanhua Temple in China’s northern Guangdong Province. Buddhist monks first grew paddy straw mushrooms for their own table, but by 1875, they were being delivered as a gift to the royal family. It is assumed that this fungus has been cultivated for over 300 years, predating the 18th century (Chang, 1977).
Chinese settlers brought this mushroom to the Philippines, Malaysia, and other South Asian nations between 1932 and 1935 (Baker, 1934; Chang, 1974).
Because paddy straw mushrooms thrive at relatively high temperatures, they are often referred to as “warm mushrooms.” It is a mushroom that grows quickly; in ideal growth conditions, the entire harvest cycle can be finished in 4-5 weeks.
LIFE CYCLE AND GENETICS Paddy Straw Mushroom Cultivation.
The majority of mushroom species are haploid, in contrast to green plants, and the diploid phase is typically brief and limited to the basidium. The paddy straw mushroom differs from other types of mushrooms. As homothallic organisms, they do not require a mating type factor for the germination of individual uninucleate haploid self-fertile spores to develop mycelia and complete the life cycle. There are no clamp connections found in any Volvariella species. In V. volvacea, basidiospores receive just one nucleus apiece after meiosis, clamp connections are lacking, and hyphal cells are multinucleate. The growth rate and other properties of single-spore mycelia vary widely.It is still challenging to classify this mushroom as primary homothallic since many researchers’ studies have produced conflicting reasons for why self-fertility exists in the majority of basidiospores and is absent in the minority.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.
The six distinct developmental stages of the paddy straw mushroom’s fruiting body are pinhead, tiny button, button, egg, elongation, and mature stage.
Every person has a unique anatomy and morphology.
- Pinhead stage: As seen in Figure 1, the veil is perfectly white, and the stage is the size of a pinhead. The pileus and stipe are not visible in the vertical section. The structure is made entirely of hyphal cells.
- Tiny button: Interwoven hyphae create both the tiny button and pinhead phases. Just the tip of the veil is brown in a young, little button; the remainder is white (Fig. 1). It has a rounded form, and the lamellae appear as a narrow band on the pilus’s lower surface if a vertical cut is made through the button.
- Button stage: The stipe is marketed at this stage of the paddy straw mushroom while it is at its longest (Fig. 2). Waterproof sketching ink is used to mark the seam.
- Egg stage: At this point, the pileus is also able to garner a premium price on the market and is forced out of the veil, leaving the veil volva (Fig. 2). Once more, the stipe is not apparent at this point. This stage’s lamellae do not contain basidiospores. Up to this point, the pileus is still very tiny in size.
- Egg stage: At this point, the pileus is also able to garner a premium price on the market.
- Elongation stage: The stipe reaches its maximum length and the pileus stays close, albeit smaller than in the mature stage (Fig. 2). Waterproof sketching ink is used to mark the seam.
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